Area of Study 1:  Immunity

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Outcome:
  • Analyse the immune response to specific antigens and compare the different ways that immunity may be acquired


Responding to antigens

  • Physical, chemical and microbiota barriers as preventative mechanisms of pathogenic infection in animals and plants
  • The innate immune response including the steps in an inflammatory response, complement proteins and interferons 
  • The characteristics and roles of macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, natural killer cells and mast cells
  • Initiation of an immune response, including antigen presentation, the distinction between self-antigens and non-self antigens, cellular and non-cellular pathogens and allergens


Acquiring immunity

  • The role of the lymphatic system in the immune response as a transport network and the role of lymph nodes as sites for antigen recognition by T and B lymphocytes
  • The characteristics and roles of the components of the adaptive immune response against both extracellular and intracellular threats, including the actions of B lymphocytes and their antibodies, helper T and cytotoxic T cells
  • The difference between natural and artificial immunity and active and passive strategies for acquiring immunity


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