How Do Organisms Regulate Their Functions?
In this unit students examine the cell as the structural and functional
unit of life, from the single celled to the multicellular organism, including
the requirements for sustaining cellular processes. Students focus on cell
growth, replacement and death and the role of stem cells in differentiation, specialisation
and renewal of cells. They explore how systems function through cell specialisation
in vascular plants and animals, and consider the role homeostatic mechanisms
play in maintaining an animal’s internal environment.
■ Area of Study 1: How Do Cells Function?
In this area of study students examine the structure and functioning of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and how the plasma membrane contributes to survival by controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell. Students explore cellular growth, replacement and death. They become familiar with the key events and regulation of the cell cycle and the processes for cell division, including disruptions to the cell cycle and deviant cell behaviour. Students consider the properties of stem cells and their role in differentiation, specialisation and renewal of cells and tissues.
■ Area of Study 2: How Do Plant and Animal Systems Function?
In this area of study students explore how systems function through cell specialisation in vascular plants and in digestive, endocrine and excretory systems in animals, focusing on regulation of water balance in plants, and temperature, blood glucose and water balance in animals. Students examine how homeostatic mechanisms in animals help maintain their internal environment within a narrow range of tolerance levels, and consider malfunctions in homeostatic mechanisms.
